Interpersonal communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Interpersonal communication - quiz ExampleIn the given scenario there is an interpersonal communication happening between a supervisor and two employees. In the discussion, the participants are professionals working in an advertising agency where Marie is placed as a director, Steve and Jane are working as a manager, and Paul is a part of a different department.The literal exchange between the three persons i.e. Marie, Jane and Steve is a part of the interpersonal communication. The discussion starts with a pleasant sunrise exchange of greetings at the office between Marie and Jane. Jane who is a manager, wanted to discuss about a rival firm and their poaching of a developmental director. Jane thought it to be a positive step for the competition firm. Jane proposed to get them as their potential client to make a positive impact on their aver business. Jane also proposed to get the company as their new agent. Here, in the intercourse the Politeness Theory, proposed by Goffman, is being used. The theory is called as the theory of face, as it explores the communication among power traffic, social distance relations solidarity and also the seriousness that is required for the issue in discussion are evident in the conversation (Holmes & Stubbe, Doing Disagreement at Work a sociolinguistic Approach).In the discussion, there is a departure evident to the proposal of Jane from Maries end. As Marie observes that Jane already has other important business dealings in hand so she would not be able to take risk of letting Jane go before with the proposed deal. So, there is a disagreement between the director and the subordinate. Jane did agree to Maries concern but showed Marie many recent statistics and also showed very able persuasion and negotiation skills to convince Marie to let her go forrard with the proposal. Marie thought of assigning the task that Jane had, to Steve, another manager in the advertising agency.

Do Markets and the Division of Labour Encourage or Discourage Social Essay

Do Markets and the Division of Labour Encourage or Discourage Social Cohesion - Essay Example strong suit is when tasks in a society are assigned to specific individuals in whereby the assigned person has the engagement of fully completing the task. Markets on the other hand are defined as the a taper where economic activities in the society take place, economic activities in this case imply to the buying and interchange and thus there is interaction and the interaction of buyers and sellers from different cultures and ethnical backgrounds. Markets and contribution of labors part towards social cohesion has been a crucial debatable issue in the contemporary practical environment (Council of Europe 2006). Markets and fraction of labor according to the definition of Adam Smith can be utilize to explain the reason why on the adoption of this technique there is increased productivity and getup in regards to the economic activities of a given society. The major objective and aim of markets and division of labor is to hold that there is consistent maximization of profits as well as minimizing the average total personify of the production process. There are several framees of thinkers on this issue of social cohesion in regards to markets and the division of labor. This argument has been highly attributed by the several definitions of markets and division of labor in the contemporary society. ... The other class of thought based their definition of labor on the principles of the social and collective human labor. The principle target this definition is that markets and division of labor collectively pulled together the society thus encouraging the collective motion of social and cultural interaction and integration and intellectualism in the society. Basing on these definitions the perception of markets and division of labor on promoting social cohesion is positive. Other scholars on the basis that the concerned definition has not fully integrate the co ncept of the political economy have opposed this justification. The definition of markets and division of labour has since been not matched with the current political, social and economic setup of the society. This has been due to the over emphasis of the social cohesion in the original definition, social cohesion in the context of markets and division of labour can be evaluated in critically looking at the merits and the demerits on the societal integration and cohesion (Rogowski 2008). Division of labor in the past was seen as the source of labour discrimination in the society, this was attributed by the presence of gender imbalance, inequalities and fun in the various in the sectors in the production process (OBrien 2008).According to Angle, division of labour was in introduction in as far as the human history is concerned. He believes that the division of labour is whiz of the major sources of the intrigues being witnessed in the society. Challenges such as human beings bein g denied rights as well as unfavorable social set up emerged due to the division of labour thus this scholar implies that markets and division of labour have contributed

Week2 Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Week2 - Term story ExampleWhen brand attachment occurs, the consumer will often participate in brand communities, such as discussing the merits and benefits of the company and its products in social media. This is free word-of-mouth advertising that is highly valuable to a crinkle brand.When a business includes social responsibility and ethical behavior as part of its strategic plan, consecrate in the companys integrity is developed. According to Riegelsberger et al. (2005, p.383), trust is built on reliability and predictability of an organization. As one example, a company that contributes a small margin of their profit toward urban development asshole use press releases and promotional advertisements to illustrate their sponsorship or investment support in building a better local infrastructure. When consumers witness that the business believes in improving the human condition and lifestyle, trust in their brand, product and leadership is developed especially when these activi ties happen recurrently. Thus, having an ethical focus and a belief in social responsibility can assist in developing promotional strategies, charity as rivalrous advantage, and better consumer relationship development.One example of a company that overstepped ethical boundaries is Pulte Homes, a major content home and commercial builder with a significant profit margin. In 2006, the former president of Pulte Homes, Steve Seymoure, laid it would be a positive strategic decision to develop a variety of first-class, luxury holiday getaways in Mexico. Pulte Homes conducted considerable ethical and responsible preliminary research and legal negotiations to ensure that a dispute area of land cleared all ownership and construction laws for development of high-class condominiums for American tourists.However, vigorous into the construction phase, a variety of expired commercial leases on the existing property where Pulte was building were

Faulty Arguments in the Field of Herbalism, Natural Cures and Plant Coursework

Faulty Arguments in the Field of Herbalism, Natural Cures and Plant Medicine - Coursework ExampleThe reasoning behind this phrase is poor because it insinuates that herbal tea products are safer, healthier, and has lower rates of toxicity compared to other medicinal drugs which is not true. It is also a commanding phrase which may be interpreted to mean that use of pharmaceuticals may result to harm.Andrew Weil, the mastermind and inventor of Arizona Center for Integrative medicine. He says I did ethnobotanical study in South America, researching native uses for coca plant leaf, which most of us know only as the source of the isolated, problematic, addictive drug cocaineif you expression carefully at the coca leafs molecular array, you find 14 bioactive alkaloids, with cocaine in the greatest centerHerbs like coca can tone the body and bring it back to homeostasis. The source is The Huffington Post http//www.huffingtonpost.com/andrew-weil-md/why-plants-are-usually-be_b_785139.htm l. This is an illustration of a non-sequiter, appeal to authority, poor logic and faulty statistics. The reasoning behind it is poor since its conclusion doesnt infer the premise. It also emphasizes on his expertise owing to convince the masses concerning his opinions. It also does not shit firm deductions to the conclusions made. It also claims that a coca leaf has 14 bioactive alkaloids but it does not give hairsplitting details how he obtained this data.David Kroll holds a doctor of philosophy in therapeutics and pharmacology. He coaches the public on organic fertilizer commodities and botanical plants supplements. He says Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F, or thunder god vinehas a history of use as an anti-inflammatory herb. As with many traditional medicines, usage patterns do not necessarily indicate scientific validity. In fact, a Cochrane review published just last month on herbal therapies for screaky arthritis indicated that the efficacy of thunder god vine was mixed. Mor e concerning is that the herb had significant adverse effects in almost trials, from hair

Brief history of the industrial revolution in America Essay

Brief history of the industrial revolution in the States - Essay useOne of the events that shaped America history is the 15th amendment that prohibited discrimination or denying the right to right to vote by American on the excuse of race or colour (Berkin, Miller, Cherny, and Gormly, 78). This event happened after the whites had passed a legislation that disallowed people of black origin not to vote in elections. Black human rights activists, who set up pressure on the government to amend the legislation opposed this move. As a follow up to the 15th amendment, a 19th one was made on the constitution that allowed women to vote in case and local elections. These amendments were made under the congressional reconstruction, which saw the southern states divided into military districts. Under this period, Andrew Johnson was impeached for violating the elevate of office act by removing Staton but the main reason was his defiance for reconstruction of the congress eighteenth amendment was also enacted in 1930s , and it banned production and sale of alcohol in United States of America. Although this amendment legitimate huge support from the masses, there were not enough police officers to enact it, and therefore the leaker takers found a way to brew their own beer. With time, the authorities found out that prohibition of production and sale of alcohol contributed a lot to law breaking, this led to the abolishment of the regulation.During the period from 1877 to 1913, United States grew in terms of industrial enterprise to become the leading industrial nation with well-organised railroads, labour and industries the income of non-farm workers grew by about 75 per cent by 1900 and grew further by 33 per cent by 1918. The first industrial revolution that occurred in America saw production move from artisan to factories, while the second revolution saw the expansion of the factories to in terms of size, coordination and organisation to industry level, which was fa cilitated by advancements in technology and improvements in transport

A comparative analysis of French and other local languages in Conde's Essay

A comparative degree summary of French and other local languages in Condes Traversee de la Mangrove and Chamoiseaus Chronique des sept miseres - attempt ExampleConds Traverse de la Mangrove and Chamoiseaus Chronique des sept misres leave alone be closely analysed in this essay in order to provide a comparative analysis of the use of French and other local languages in both novels. Firstly, the narrative technique of both novels tout ensembleow for be analysed in order to determine how the French language is presented and the message that each author wishes to limn to the reader as a result. The presentation of local languages will also be considered so that brain wave force out be gained into how each author wishes to represent their place of birth and its culture through linguistic technique. Finally, the use of myth and fantasy will be examined so that a clear form of exercising can be defined, in order to decipher its function within the portrayal of the French language.By representing a collection of different opinions, all of which question each others motives, Cond provides a modality of presenting collective accounts as a means of several possibilities and ways to write a novel. This free and reasonably disorderly structure may suggest that Cond wishes to counteract typical order and demands. An argument for this case can be put forward as Conds female characters speak in the first person. In Miras first account, the first person is employed from the beginning as she explains to the reader about clock during her childhood when she spent time at the river. She informs the reader that,The use of the first person is important, out of all the men represented in the novel, it is only Loulous son, Joby who is un garonnet plot2, a description, which is or else emasculating and Xantippe who Cond permits to speak in the first person. It is interesting to note on this point that during the classical period of antique Greece, Xantippe was in fact a woma n and wife to Socrates, a

Rocky and Bullwinkle Affect on Pop Culture in America during the Cold Term Paper

Rocky and Bullwinkle Affect on Pop subtlety in the States during the cool War - Term Paper ExampleThesis statement Rocky and Bullwinkle revea take the American attitude on Cold War, acted the role of a rhetorical construction against rhetorical war and political allegory on Cold War sentiment, and make up ones mindd Pop culture in America during the Cold War. I. American Popular Culture during the Cold War The multiethnical characteristic of the American society is reflected in its popular culture. To be specific, American culture shows acceptance towards all cultures without any partiality. This acceptance deeply influences the amalgamation of unthe likes of cultural characteristics. Besides, this led to the growth and development of popular culture in America, which reflected the Cold War apprehensions. deep down this context, co-operation between ground forces and Soviet Union, during World War II, did not last much because it eventually led towards mutual suspicion. On the o ther side, the popular culture in America made use of this continuous tension as its subject matter. From a different angle of view, the Cold War era reflected the American influence upon the cultural scenario of the world nations in general. At the same time, the whole world was under the threat of arms race. In short, the American popular culture during the Cold War reflected the fear of communist influence and arms race. Within the scenario of Pop Culture during the Cold War, Rocky and Bullwinkle reflected and molded public opinion on communist influence and arms race. One can identify that Rocky and Bullwinkle are the animated characters in an American boob tube series, namely The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show. ... Both the characters primarily represent the entertainment value of animated characters. For a different angle of view, both the characters represent some inner meaning, related to the disclosure of American attitude towards communism and arms race. Besides, both the ch aracters represent the rhetorical construction and allegory against rhetorical war (say, the Cold War). In short, Rocky and Bullwinkle is symbolic of the political allegory which molded and represented public opinion in America during the Cold War. A. The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show Rocky and Bullwinkle, animated characters are from two different cartoon series, namely Rocky and His Friends (broadcasted at the end of the 1950s) and The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show (broadcasted at the beginning of 1960s). Both the cartoon series became popular during 1960s because the plot and the theme suited the taste of children and elders. For instance, the content of the cartoon, especially the inculcation of animals like squirrel and Canadian red deer as main characters attracted children. On the other side, the theme and plot with political puns attracted the elders in general. The masterminds behind this cartoon series were Jay Ward and Alex Anderson. They made use of Rocky (Squirrel) and Bullwin kle (Canadian Moose) to entertain children and elders. Besides, the animation give way was outsourced to an animation company in Mexico, namely Val-Mar Animation. The first broadcast (twice a week) of the animation series was in the year 1959. Browne makes clear that Responding to the groundswell of adult interest and affection for Rocky and Bullwinkle, PBS aired an hour-long special, Of Moose and Man The

Comparitve study of inter-personal relationship as potrayed in madame Essay

Comparitve study of inter-personal relationship as potrayed in madame bovary and siddhartha - Essay idealDue to her blind faith in the materialistic and fabricated relationships she overlooks the real enjoy of Charles Bovary and gets deceived. For instance, she does not have intercourse the wrong intentions of Rodolphe, who used her to satisfy his sexual desires, and assumed that he loves her. Dr. Charles Bovarys observation of reality is likewise impractical. He thinks that living means just to survive. As a result, he is deficient in interest, enthusiasm, faculty and joy. He is so insensitive to his surroundings that he remains unaware of the obvious mistakes and relationships of Emma, Homais, Lheureux, and other characters. However, heedless of his unresponsive nature he possesses qualities like sincerity, faithfulness and honesty. On the other hand the character of Siddhartha is not in love with the materialistic world like Emma. He is instead in the search of eldritch lov e and considers finding this love his destiny. The character as portrayed by the author reaches limits to find that love in the story as he leaves behind many things in finding it. This essay would twine around the two major characters in these novels (i.e. Siddhartha and Emma) and would analyze the relationships both have in the story in accordance to their nature. The relationships that they have with other characters would also be analyzed. It would also tell how both of them are assorted and similar to each other in their actions.Siddhartha is the novel whose major idea is that pleasure comes from spiritual peace. In the novel, the central character tries to find peace, which is at last attained after going through a number of different phases of life. The first phase is that of his childhood which he spent as an orthodox Brahmins child. In this period, he studies the scriptures and performs ritual sacrifice. In the second spot he follows Samanas and learns about thriftiness and self-discipline. The third stage lets him learn the

Political, Religious, Social, and Cultural Changes in Medieval Europe Essay - 1

Political, Religious, Social, and Cultural Changes in Medieval atomic number 63 - Essay ExampleOne of the political occurrences between 1350 and 1570 in Europe was the Mongol happen. The armies invaded China, Russia, and most split of the Islamic world. The countries had strongholds within the south. This invasion resulted in the increased dependence of Russia on the Mongol empire know as the Golden Horde. The Mongols sent their officials to Russias different towns. This made it easier to collect taxes from the Russians. The Mongols married the Russian women and persons who refused became slaves. This light-emitting diode to an increase of many Russian slaves and the prevalence of the slave trade. The Mongols hostility towards women made the Russian women start wearing veils like Muslims to protect themselves. Islam became the central creed of the Mongol empire. The forced mixing of the Mongols and Russians direct to further cultural differences between Russia and the West. Howeve r, the Mongols did not destroy Russias political and religious institutions. The Mongol Rule made Russia prosper because of the Mongols far-flung trade.The revival of Monarchy in Northern Europe similarly occurred within this period. This revival occurred after the partial end of the divided feudal monarchy. The king and his semiautonomous vassals shared governance power in the past. After the revival, the semiautonomous lost the power to impose taxes, initiate wars, and implement laws. These powers became strong in the monarch. Consequently, the king and his selected agents acquired power. Additionally, taxes, wars, and the legal systems became national issues instead of regional like previous occurrences. The independence of the monarchy led to the excretory product of decentralization of the political system.

Critique Paper - All Quiet on the Western Front Essay

Critique Paper - All Quiet on the Western Front - Essay ExamplePauls suppression of emotions has made him into an emotional cripple who is unable to fix to his family and live a normal life-time outside the contestfield (Remarque).Being stuck in a knock down hole with a man he stabbed forces Paul to consider the nature of war and how it makes strangers into enemies. The horrors of war add away his friends one by one and often in front of his own eyes. He is washed-up by war and when he is given a short leave, he wonders how he will coif to civilian life, Paul dies during an enemy attack and he doesnt have to find out how his life would have been off the battlefield (Remarque).Paul is the unexampleds main protagonist and his inner battle with his feelings and actions is what is intriguing about him. His personality and the way war forces Paul to behave are in marginal contrast to each other. He was a sensitive young lad, full of idealism and life and war made him into a remor seless soldier who must remain emotionally numb in order to survive on the battlefield. Pauls past and future are snatched away by war and he struggles to remember what his past was like and wonders what his future will be without war. But notwithstanding all this, he still has some humanity left in him and there are instances where he is overcome by grief. This struggle is representative of all those men who were enlisted to fight in the army at a very young age and Pauls story is similar to all those adolescents who lost their childhood, their friends, their family and even their lives on the battlefield. The trauma and hardship they suffer snatches away their innocence and Paul was long dead on the within before the war actually killed him.Pauls story revolves around the main theme of the novel which is about the horrors of war and its effect on the soldiers. War is often painted with glory and honor only this book sets out to debunk those notions and show war through the eyes of a soldier. It shows the butchery of

Three Brief Topics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

third Brief Topics - Essay ExampleEliades The Sacred and the Profane atomic number 18 enlightens three categories. The Sacred which is a transcendental referent such as God or Nirvana, hierophany which is the advancement of the sacred into human experience where he discusses the revelation of the sacred in a individuals life and the third category is idea of human being religiosus where Eliade considers the reach and devotion of one to such a breakthrough of supreme power. He describes numinous experience as an appropriate experience of the Sacred by religious human beings or homo religiosus. When a person can experience the amazing, mysterium tremendum and fascinans, both are awesomely fearful and the enthrallingly captivating aspects of the Holy or the in all other. In expanding and expounding the phenomenological dimensions of the Sacred, Eliade describes the sacred experience in human being as a significant point of orientation and at the same time it also reveals the ont ological reality which is its source of homo religiosus experience. For an instance the space is characterized as the boundary between sacred and profane and thus locates the axis mundi as centre. Thus temples and tepees, homes and hearths become sacralized for homo religiosus. ... According to Gerardus even the most ordinary events such as the wonted(a) associations with ones neighbors or similarly ones long familiar tasks prove to be replete with mystic interconnections if one examines them more closely. One can completely ignore his own scheme of explanation in terms of mavin causes and can misconceive life as a broad current of mighty powers. If, for instance, one of the Toradja tribes in Celebes is preparing for an expedition and an earthen pot is broken, then they remain at home, saying that it is measa. This may be translated as a sign, indicating some future misfortune, but that the current of life has been interrupted If then one amour has been broken, why not more Simil arly, when a Ewe tribesman finds refuge from his enemies on a white ant pile he ascribes his escape to the power residing there. Thus the place, the action, the person in which the power reveals itself receives a specific character. Bearers of mana, for example, are sharply distinguished from the rest of the world they are self-sufficient.2References - The Nature of worship. The Sacred and The Profane Pages 8-18 by Eliade MirceaReligion in Essence and Manifestation, volume 1 Chapter 4 Potency. Awe. Tabu. by Gerardus Van Der Leeuw, (1967) Pages 43-51The nature and elements of mythQ2. talk over the nature and elements of myth and explore a particular myth using the frameworks in the following textsChapter 2- fabrication and Religion. In Myths God, Heroes, and Saviors by Billias Leonard J (1986).Chapter 3 Five monolithic theories. The Nature of Greek Myths by Kirk G S (1974).Answer - Myths are the stories from the remote past as in another world or an primarily stage of this

Emotional intelligent Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Emotional capable - Essay ExampleThe last part will highlight proper practices toward enhancing the emotional intelligence of the employees in the company.The article entitled What is Emotional Intelligence? formally defined emotional intelligence or EI as Emotional intelligence is the ability to perceive emotions, to access and generate emotions so as to assist thought, to learn emotions and emotional knowledge, and to reflectively regulate emotions so as to promote emotional and intellectual growth (Mayer 1).Firstly, the ability-based poser is hinged on the assumption that emotions serve as a medium of information that is helpful in cordial environments and in social relationships. Since not all individuals share the same capabilities on the processing of emotional information, this mystify presents three common types of emotional abilities (1) emotional perception highlights the persons ability to recognize and represent his and other peoples emotions through verbal and non- verbal forms of communication (2) emotional use banks on the electrical capacity to use emotions to undertake other cognitive abilities and (3) emotional management looks at the ability to self-regulate emotions of oneself and of other (MTD 23).In all of these models, it can be claimed that studying peoples individualised and social competencies is crucial in assessing the overall status of their emotional intelligence. These two realms of EI have been used as guide in advent up with an in-depth examination of EI (Dattner 3).In a research document entitled The Emotional Competence Framework, personal competency has been discussed as a combination of (1) self awareness that stresses on emotional awareness, accurate self-assessment, and self-confidence (2) self regulation that underscores self control, conscientiousness, adaptability, and innovativeness and (3)

Media Ethics Blog Post Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Media ethics Blog Post - Assignment ExamplePerezhilton.com is a website intercommunicate by an American blogger and television constitution known as Mario Armando Lavandeira, Jr. alias Perez Hilton. This media blog contains tabloid photographs and information that covers gossip items about celebrities. The media blog also covers music awards, private events, and promotes music (Hilton Web). Nevertheless, the blog has been receiving criticism for increasing the media coverage of celebrities, posting misdirect information, unethical reporting, and false advertising. All the comparable, Perezhilton.com remains a fundamental reference to news vs. entertainment and has ring influence in journalism and communication. The Perezhilton.com blog covers and informs the audience on all happenings prior to, during, and after laurels awards shows like MTV awards (Hilton Web). This generates a real feel of the entertainment events. Consequently, it informs and allows the music fans to vote f or the shortlisted nominees for all music and painting wards. Additionally, the Perezhilton.com blog posts audio and video music links of up-and-coming musicians thus promoting their music. Actually, through the Listen to This menage of his blog, many artists rush indeed accessed the international market via music posts on the Perezhilton.com blog (Hilton Web). At the same time, Perez Hilton attends private events and posts live and true information and photographs of himself with the celebrities to the audience. I also like the fact that Perez Hilton speaks publicly against certain(p) vices like discrimination of celebrities and other public figures. However, Perezhilton.com blog discriminates in covering media personalities and celebrities. Indeed, Perez Hilton seemingly has an affinity for addicted artists and a negative attitude against various celebrities (Hilton Web). Indeed, his proximity in reporting manifests biased coverage on Perezhilton.com blog. He has equally defam ed many artists with false unethical allegations that lead to honorable lawsuits against him. Additionally, there have been serious allegations of favoritism where Perez Hilton never reports on any information castigating his friend Paris Hilton. Actually, Perez Hilton reporting has been unethical where he makes untrue negative remarks about certain artists on the meshwork and posting music recordings on the internet illegally. Moreover, he posts rumors of death like that of the death of Cuban President Fidel Castro and misleads the audience on serious issues, as the illness of Michael Jackson that he claimed was a public stunt. More so, the promotion of same sex relationships in the Perezhilton.com blog is unethical. Notably, the website will have a significant impact on the recognitions of news vs. entertainment. Ideally, the website will have a positive impact on the perceptions of news vs. entertainment as it generates true entertainment by informing the audience, allowing th eir participation, and bringing entertainment close to them. More so, it also promotes up-and coming musicians. Nevertheless, it creates a negative perception through its unethical way of reporting and the biased information it relays which leads to a negative impact on the perceptions of news vs. entertainment. Furthermore, the favoritism in reporting, giving misleading information, discrimination in covering celebrities, and false advertisements generates an general negative impact o

Secularization in Britain-Sociology Dissertation Essay

Secularization in Britain-Sociology Dissertation - Essay ExampleHow are these factors be in the United Kingdom? In familiar, profaneization is still the word of the day, yet while in the past trends directed almost exclusively towards secularization, now there are mixed trends leading both towards and away from secularization. Secondary information outline is the reuse of quantitative data, the analysis of data collected by others. The following secondary data analysis is essential to guiding our research. First It is important for us to image the theoretical approaches of those who have gone before us. As the secularization theory (McGee) we review below indicates, things that superpower seem to be a sign of one thing (desecularization) give notice actually be a sign of another (secularization) if interpreted under a distinct framework. Understanding what data means, not exclusively prior data, is essential. Second Its impossible to identify trends without introducing long itudinal data. Thus, surveyed below are studies primarily from the 2000s, but with data and trend analysis going back much earlier than that. Third To hedge against bias and presuppositions, it is lively to see what others think. The data below is drawn from a number of sources, including multiple major analyses of the UKs religiosity An analysis of churchgoing an analysis of the UK as compared to other countries and longitudinal trends. The variety of sources is essential to get many different handles on the idea of secularization. As our data indicate, the exact definition and amount of religiosity is not something that can be ascertained from one vector. Someone can identify themselves as an atheist yet use up to prayer someone can view themselves as not especially religious yet be uneasy with the idea of teaching evolution in the schools. We thus chose to look for many different factors to very understand the face of secularization in the UK. Variables chosen include self-ide ntification as religious or sceptical/agnostic, which is vital for understanding secularization since a secular society should presumably have more secular people the degree of sentiment in prayer the degree of value that people place on religion, such as peoples beliefs that religion makes one a better person or causes wars and conflict belief in evolution, an important specific choice because it acts as a prima facia plausibility running to see if the other variables might be exaggerating the secularization and overestimating its practical and social impact etc. We did not focus on specific sectarianism as it generally is not important for the way that secularization is proceeding. The limitations of the data analysis below are obvious. The longitudinal data is good but doesnt take into peak a broad enough set of variables or ways that people behave. Anomalies emerge, like a general trend towards secularization alongside increased scepticism about evolution. Secondary Data Ana lysis Unquestionably, the historical trend in the UK has been towards secularization. Brierly (1989) found that from 1900 to 1985 the trend was overwhelmingly towards more secularization, and predicted this trend would continue. The British Social Attitudes (2010) studies bear out this fact. The number of people from

Differences in Afica Apartheid vs Post Apartheid Essay

Differences in Afica Apartheid vs Post Apartheid - Essay ExampleThe non black minorities believe that SA is going to turn into Zimbabwe, where foreigners and minorities were exiled and their property confiscated by the governance (Bearak). Despite the fact that absolute incomes of the poor have increased, many fear that SA might turn into some other Rwanda due to high levels of crime (Bearak).However, the same fears existed during apartheid Not so long ago, people fe bed that the end of apartheid would point off civil war and a blood bath (Bearak). Inequalities existed then as well though blacks formed the majority, they owned in 1974 only 13.7% of the total land (UNESCO 36). Non lights were supposed to support expansion of the white power and economic welfare. The former had to be mobile, cheap and thus uneducated, without political rights to complain or endeavour to change the status quo (UNESCO 44).Though apartheid no longer exists in SA, its remnants are felt in the societ y. The blacks are still poor, and the poor are increasingly violent. In turn, the whites flee the country, fearing for their lives. Segregation has not been eliminated in practice, as inequalities and crime eliminated some progress made by Nelson Mandela and his

Organizational Development application concepts to introduce change at Term Paper

Organizational training application concepts to introduce change at Old Navy - Term Paper ExampleThe companionship tends to offer its customers with denim, sunglasses, blo roles, shirts, handbags and other fashion products at cheaper prices than its competitors in its physical stores and through its websites. Customers invite been observed to select its fashionable style and the prices at which the company offers its goods and services to a large extent (WhaleShark Media, 2011). Issues Likely to be Faced by Old Navy Retailer Stores There might be losses to the retailers in the form of external threats such as theft, damage or loss of merchandise along with movement fraud which is considered to hamper the Old Navy Retailer Stores at large. It has been noted by Aberdeen research reports that close to 60% of the retailers experienced a write-off of nearly 1.75% of the total inventory (Aberdeen Group, Retail Loss cake System). ... For instance, it might consist of part time or te mporary employees related step to the fores, including employees dissatisfaction with the working conditions resulting to higher(prenominal) turnovers of the employees which can hinder the successful operation of the organization in its long-run. These problems in conjunction to poor mathematical process may prove to be quite problematic for the retailers since such employees tend to be in exact contact with the customers. This may further impact on the brand image of the company influencing the aspect of customer loyalty as well (Purpura, Security and Loss Prevention An Introduction). With the rising trend of use of the information technology, the maintenance cost for the companies is surmounting day by day. Maintenance cost is considered to be an important constituent in the profitability of the organization (Haroun & Duffuaa, Maintenance organization). Rewards systems argon considered to be another issue for the retail organizations. The main objective of the reward system i s to attract potential employees and retain the productive ones, to draw out(p) good performance and to maintain commitment to the organization (Koala Consulting and training, Reward Systems). Each organization must have reward systems as without such systems, companies will not be capable of having talented staffs in the organization. At times it has been noted that an incentive scheme which is capable of enhancing the sales of the organization and motivating the staffs may as well have a negative impact upon the teamwork within the organization. Therefore, this can be considered as an issue for the retail organization. With the increasing effect of globalization, more and more companies are coming up with their product offerings which are giving rise to

General Mills Inc. Executive Summary Essay Example for Free

customary mill around Inc. Executive Summary essayExecutive OverviewGeneral Mills (NYSEGIS), our company, is a global consumer foods company. We develop distinctive value-added food products and market with our queer brand names. We work continuously to improve our established products and to create new products that meet our customers potential call for and preferences. Our company has $14.88 billion in sales lowest course of instruction. Our sales has grown substantially throughout the years due in large part to our popular brand names, this however is only part of the causation that we has been so successful. We markets global brands such as Green Giant, Old El Paso, Hagen-Dazs, Yoplait, Cheerios, Betty Crocker, Bisquick, Progresso and many others with competitory prices.The come U.S. shopper purchases at least one of our products every time they visit the grocery store. In this demarcation model for our company, we include the important inputs and assumptions for the Balance Sheet (historical and future data), Income statements and other estimated model WACC, Terminal Value, enterprisingness Value, birth Price, etc. After estimating enterprise values in the future, we earth-closet decree that our company is undervalued. Stock holders are supposed to add holdings of shares and gain to a greater extent equity.Analysis of the Model every the statistics apply in this model can be found in Google Finance, Yahoo Finance and Bloomberg. In calculating the ratios and gauge financials for our company, some trends are difficult to estimate because the data on rootage is not all included. Once we had the ratios calculate, we can find trends and used them to forecast out the balance sheet, Income statement and cash flow statement for the coterminous tailfin years, which would bring us to 2016. Revenue Growth According to the Sheet FSM-Input, we can find the percent harvest-tide % for the final four years are 9.73%, 7.61%, 0.72%, 0.57%. Bec ause it changes a lot in the five years and the outrank in recent two years is really low.We use the average appendage rate for the undermentioned five years. So we are forecasting settling into annual growth of 4.66%, more in line with long-term general growth trends. COGS In the same sheet, the gross margin from 2007 to 2011 is 39.39%, 39.05%, 38.73%, 42.77%, and 43.21%, in line with analyst forecasts which are also in line with company guidance. These margins are increased from the estimates. We also use the average data for the next five years. SGA Increase in SGA to 21.44% of revenue for 2011 is under a trend of increase from 19.21% these five years. We generally forecast a decrease to 20.38% (average) for 2012 and thereafter. It should be a slower revenue growth in the long term, so as for SGA. Tax Rate Average Income tax rate is 33.8% for the next five years, which between 29.62% to 37% in the last five years.CapEx Accord the increasing trend of the last five years fo r CapEx of revenue, we give the assumption that it allow increase by 0.5% from each one year in the next five years. As most of the data are close to this level, we think this assumption appears justifiable. be of Debt, Cost of Equity we used the data of year 2011 to estimate the future value for the value of WACC. All the data are collected from Bloomberg. Also, the cost of equity can be calculated by CAPM, as the risk-free rate plus the Market Risk Premium multiplied by Beta.Beta calculated by running a regression comparing yearly returns of GIS for the last five years, and modified with the education from Bloomberg. Risk free Rate calculated as the average yield on the 10 year Treasury rate over the last six months. In addition, the interest rate for cash and perfectly term debt is almost zero here. Growth rate we used the dividend growth rate here, as the dividend for last four years as follows 1.29, 1.22, 1.12, and 0.96. We calculate the increase rate and select the minimum one 1.66%. It is used for the current Terminal Value and the following estimation of equity value.From the Balance Sheet and the Ratio analysis, we can calculate the capital structure of our company. And the above is the result of current value.Our WACC is almost constantly these years roughly 5.50% via from 5.04% to 5.82%. We also use the scenario analysis for how the WACC and growth rate affect enterprise value and equity value. The adequate report shows all the forecasting data for 2012 2016, it clearly estimate the financial trend of our company (attachment). For the data used in this model, some of them are current data, the other are historical or most recently or average number. It only depends on actually situation for which method is much more realistic.ConclusionThe current enterprise value is $41,335 million and the equity value is $34,455 million. According to yahoo finance, the shares not bad(p) of our company are 647.31 million, so we can calculate the s tock price for next year is $53.23. It will increase in following years. Also, the WACC of our company is always around 5.5%, we can use Monte Carlo mannequin to run the estimation of Equity value by changing WACC, growth rate and COGS/Revenue each year. The random calculation displays as the full report in attachment. The most important thing is that, agree to our estimation, the next five-year we will get additional money needed increasingly with no surplus funds which means, our assets increase faster than our liabilities.Therefore, our company goes well in the short term future based on this model. In conclusion, General Mills Inc. is undervalued currently, it is recommended for customers to add holding of stock shares. Overall, our company has a long invoice of impressive performance and has returned significant value to its shareholders. While we operate in a mature manufacture with limited growth potential, we have a proven ability to seek out new opportunities and have -to doe with to grow revenue year after year. We should do our best to let us continuous be one of the worlds most respected packaged food producers.SourcesMarket Watch. General Mills Inc. Company Profie (2012). Retrieved from http//www.marketwatch.com/investing/stock/gis/profileGeneral Mills Inc. (GIS) Annual and other reports. (2012). Retrieved from http//phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=74271p=quarterlyearningsGeneral Mills Inc. (GIS). Key Statistics. (2012). Retrieved from http//finance.yahoo.com/q/ks?s=GIS+Key+StatisticsGeneral Mills Inc. (GIS) Current key data. (2012). Retrieved from http//www.google.com/finance?q=gishistoric Data from Bloomberg.

Literature Review on Lime Essay Example for Free

Literature Review on Lime Essay lime Grenada Ltd is a well established company that has been in operation since 1989 on the island of Grenada. Currently, slaked lime Grenada serves a customer ground of oer 109,000 residents, excluding the large number of visitors to its shores. This company has a significant role to play in legal canalise the telecom go to the nationals of Grenada. They atomic number 18 referred to as the mart leader in fixed-line function and broadband renovations in the state of Grenada.As a result, this company has the competitive advantage of offering the widest rove of broadband and fixed-line run. With iodin competitor namely DIGICEL, LIME Grenada operates as one of the leading sufferrs of quick technology and as such, facilitates an important aspect on the path towards ball-shapedisation. Mobile colloquys imbibe fundamentally changed the way in which we are able to live our lives. The way we work, the way we play, the actually way in whi ch we communicate shed all changed since the advent of the mobile phone (Cable Wireless Communications Plc. 010).This company, competing strongly with its market challenger DIGICEL, offers a wide choice of quality, leading-edge mobile devices including the latest blackberry, Samsung galaxy and much more of the latest gadgets used in data and voice services to ensure that nationals of Grenada is on the same level with the respite of humanness. In harm of fixed-line services, LIME Grenada stands strong since they are the sole provider of this service which facilitates the quick and easy communication amongst nationals themselves and the rest of the world.With the readying of broadband services via fibre-optic submarine cable and satellite system, LIME Grenada proves be very valuable in the transformation of various means of conducting activities. In the information empyrean, LIME Grenada facilitates E-learning through the cooking of internet or broadband services. Students ar e no longer confined to the walls of a classroom since LIME Grenada makes it possible for persons to pursue education through distant learning via the internet. Individuals are now able to access, interact and share knowledge without the physical classroom.Importantly, this company allows easy access to a wide choice of sources of information for educational purposes to enhance learning and teaching. Added to this, is the implementation of videoconference connectivity to link campuses on the island and thus, allow access to a wider range of programmes to all individuals. This was not possible umpteen years ago, however, with the assistance of LIME Grenada this has become a reality. The education sector is in that respectfore transforming in this rapidly evolving digital society as Grenadians are now inside to capture and utilize various educational opportunities.In Grenadas domestic business sector, there is an change magnitude use of the internet, a key factor propelling ICT us e, for conducting business transactions. In the banking sector, LIME Grenada makes available the fortune for banking institutions to provide 24-hour online services to their customers. Persons can visit the various websites and access their accounts to conduct and view transactions. Among the many companies are Grenada Cooperative Bank, Re overt Bank Grenada Ltd and First Caribbean International Bank. Furthermore, individuals and businesses can also conduct electronic business (e-commerce) via the internet.One such example of this is Carriasoap. com where numerous electronic, household, office and even party supplies are sold over the internet. Besides the aforementioned, LIME Grenada also provides employment opportunities in the business sector as the company seek to meet the needs of its market. In the not too distant future, there is high anticipation for the potentiality use of the broadband services provided by LIME Grenada to include E-taxation services through the Electro nic administration Regional Infrastructure Project (E-GRIP) within the country.This would comprise persons registering online and obtaining a tax identification number, taxpayers filing their monthly and annual returns online and taxpayers paying their taxes online thereby avoiding long lines. With the introduction of this system, the Inland Revenue Division will provide 24 hour online services to all taxpayers (Mitchell, Keith C. 2013). There is also the potential for development of an ICT knowledge park, the provision of WI-FI service in public buildings such as Government offices, schools, hospitals and police stations, which has already begun as stipulated by Prime Minister Dr.Keith Mitchell in his budget presentation in March of this year. With this, the importance of the telecommunication sector in Grenada is certainly visible. With proper measures in place the telecommunications sector is bound to encourage technology transfer across the globe which results in improved produ ctivity in all sectors and increased standard of living. On the contrary, there are many hurdles that may be approach by LIME Grenada Ltd in the telecommunication sector.With globalisation, competition among mobile operators is inevitable. In Grenada, this is evident with the establishment of DIGICEL, a company offering mobile services to nationals of the country. This has ended LIME Grenadas monopoly in that aspect and increased the potential for the penetration of an opposite(prenominal) mobile service providers. Although competition amongst companies results in low costs and continuity in bridging the digital divide, LIME Grenada has to critically improve services in order to effectively compete with its rivals.This company has to look critically at the services they can offer and at the pricing strategies they can use so as to counteract the hindrances or threats that new competitors present. They have to effectively monitor their competitors strategies and develop many ways t o counteract their plans and tactics to gain customers. Another hurdle that LIME Grenada may be faced with is the ability to speedily obtain updated technological and communication infrastructure and to modify operations.As with many other developing countries in the Caribbean region, lack of resources, particularly financial and qualified human resources, may also importantly hamper their development process. The telecommunication sector in Grenada is not alone in facing challenges on the path towards rapid growth and expansion via the globalisation process. According to Hylton, Shallon (2012), in Jamaica the challenges encountered with the provisions of telecommunication services vary in nature.Despite the many employment opportunities, there still remains a shortage of trained and highly qualified workers in the field. There is also the problem of cybercrime ranging from software conspiracy, the gap of software viruses, software hacking and phishing. In Barbados, the high cost o f the underlying transport network is creating a sail on the economy. Service firms are keen on liberalization of telecommunications services. Hotels, tour operators and travel services come the need for a state-of-the-art network infrastructure for local and international clients.Banks, insurance firms and retailers are labored data users that require stintingally priced telecommunications services to be competitive.. Service companies are already at a disadvantage in the lending market due to regional loan practices that fail to recognize intellectual property and soft assets as a basis for working capital. Barbadian service firms advocate telecommunications amend to lower the cost of communications (Schmid, Linda. 2013). Overall, in previous years, people could not communicate across the world or interact without barriers, delays or difficulty (Hylton, Shallon. 012. p. 3). Currently, the new digital and mobile technologies along with the internet services offered by LIME Gre nada allow persons to operate as if the world has no boundaries. Grenada in undertaking the slackening of its telecommunication market enhances its competitive position and economic growth and improvements in many sectors. Though there are challenges, the benefits outweigh them significantly. The literature exploring the significance and impact of telecommunication in this globalising world is quite extensive.Jeniffer Mohammed in Caribbean Studies An Interdisciplinary Approach (2007) provides a critical insight into information on globalisation and information and communication technologies (ICTs) which has guided this research thus far. Mohammed stated, What a in truth globalized world is about is one where there is a level playing field, where, for instance, everybody can benefit from the trade in technology. This has been happening with cell phones. From the winding people of the Sahara to Caribbean people in shanty towns to fishermen going about their trade, almost everyone u ses cell phones to communicate.This is an example of something that has been truly globalized and gives us a good understanding about what globalization as a process is very about. It is not that those groups of people are necessarily communicating globally, but the use of the cell phones is a global phenomenon touching all income groups. (p. 270). Digital technologies, the internet and cell phones truly operate as if the world has no borderThis is the logical meaning of globalisation whether applied to trade, finance flows or communication- for some commodity to be equally available to all, anywhere, as if the nation- state did not exist(p. 70).Moretti, Marco (n. d), in his writing in globalisation of Mobile and Wireless Communication Today and in 2020 (2010) stated what is happening to the mobile communication market is a good example of positive globalization in few years mobile phones have spread all around the world becoming a low-cost tool capable of providing radio set c onnectivity almost everywhere(p. 19). Mobile communications, thanks to the effect of a globalized process of development, are probably one of the most effective means to close the digital divide. p. 23). The World Bank in their June 2012 offspring stated Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have great promise to reduce poverty, increase productivity, boost economic growth, and improve accountability and governance. That promise only grew when ICTs underwent a revolution in the 2000s. Nearly 5 billion people in developing countries now use mobile phones, up from 200 million at the last decades start, and the number of Internet users has risen 10-fold. People across the globe do much more than chat and play games.They learn where best to fish and what market to sell their asseverate in. They trace cattle from pastures to supermarkets. They report illegal logging and misuses of local budget. They pay bills, send money fanny home, and receive cash transfers. They do bus iness on mobile phones. They use ICTs to prevent violence against womenand federation radio to empower them. They get state-of-the-art schooling online. Governments can use ICTs to transform public service delivery across sectorshealth, education, social protection, justice, agriculture, water, energy, and transportboth central and local.ICTs offer an opportunity to revolutionize public service management by capturing information efficiently in shared databases accessible to all organization agencies (such as a national database of electronic identification of citizens). ICTs help governments to simplify administrative procedures and share services (such as citizen authentication and payment systems). And governments can pool resources, reduce costs, adopt common standards for information exchanges, and answer government functions more efficiently (with faster response time and fewer errors) (The World Bank. 2012).

To Be A Working Mom Essay Example for Free

To Be A breaking Mom EssayA baby changes the lives of parents, most especi each(prenominal)y, the lets. A set out whitethorn intend to range or may decide to await at home and give in deal of his children. For moms who stay at home, work appears to be less important than it used to, while working moms reckon working would benefit the fiscal conditions of the family. This issue has become a controversy in most families all over the world, and mothers are are torn about whether to stay at home or work for the family. Mothers who are earning money from work could improve the financial condition of the family. A working mother set up buy her children toys and nicer things or even enroll her children to a punter school (Should You Go Back to Work or dwell at floor?, 4). Children may more likely become mature and case-by-case and could also gain more respect and satisfaction to what he or does or achieves in school. Moreover, the mothers daily interaction and mental stimula tion positively affect her soulfulnessal growth as a woman (Stay-at Home Mothers vs. Mothers who return to Work, 4).Therefore, ambitions are fulfilled and make her become a better mother. However, working moms could miss an opportunity to witness special events in their childs life. She will notion the hurt whenever she leaves her child crying, giving the mother much worries and anxiety (Stay-at Home Mothers vs. Mothers who return to Work, 5). A mother who works and leaves her child with a family member or a household helper feels the sadness when that person becomes closer to her child and sees the happiness of her childs firsts. Besides, a working mother might fate to be with her child knowing she cannot, therefore, neglecting the emotional call for of the child. Mothers who prefer to stay at home and take aid of her children stick out more quality time spent and can always attend the needs of her child, such as being sick or doing difficult assignments. Babies who are well taken care of and have been watched over by their mothers are guided correctly and feel more secured. Children more check and have good values and attitudes towards other people (Should You Go Back to Work or Stay at Home?, 3).According to some psychologists, babies who are separated from their mothers become troubled during his or her adolescence and have less chances of excelling in school (Stay-at Home Mothers vs. Mothers who return to Work, 2). A child could appreciate the sacrifices her mother has make when he or she grows up. In contrast, a stay-at-home mom would lead to reduced income of the family. The family may moreover afford a small house and could not afford to buy a car (Should You Go Back to Work or Stay at Home, 4). The mother will have less affectionate interaction and intellectual stimulation is hindered.Every mother has a choice. Either work for the familys financial stability or take care of the child at home. In my opinion, a mother who prefers to stay at hom e has a greater achievement than mothers who are supremacyful in their profession. No allocate or career achievement could ever replace the joys of a mother who has disciplined, loving and emotionally secured children.A child who is nurtured and has enough attention and love by her mother succeeds emotionally and socially. The father could work for the family, or the mother could get a home-based job in order to cope with the familys financial needs. The sacrifices of each mother who chooses to stay at home and surrender her aspirations as a career woman is a lot more fruitful than working mothers. Whether a mother prefers to work or stay at home, she must always give importance to the needs of her child. A childs values and success reflects the priorities and thinking of a mother.Works CitedShould You Go Back to Work or Stay at Home? Smart Momma. 2005. 20 July 2007 http//www.smartmomma.com/work_career/go_to_work_or_stay_home.htmStay-at Home Mothers vs. Mothers who return to Work . Developmental Psychology Student Netletter. 2002. 20 July 2007 http//www.mc.maricopa.edu/dept/d46/psy/dev/Spring02/infancy/homevswork.html

The story of stuff Essay Example for Free

The story of fabric studySince the beginning of civilization, man has been working for sufficing his personal and community needs. What started as a need to survive has transform into a vicious cycle of consuming the planet to sustain selfish desires. The movie the story of stuff is an excellent recreation of the actual happenings that have made people victims of their deliver desires. The movie truly c atomic number 18fully first lays down the concept of the functioning of our natural resources that is to be known or rather shown to us from many years. Once the normal routine is shown, the movie takes us to a ride which explains every case-by-case facet right from natural resource extracted for production, then to distribution and later to consumption and disposal.The movie is very cleverly made and it leaves no stone unturned for the concept to reach to its viewer with the medium of simplistic animation. With excellent narration the movie reaches out and explains aspect s that actually are not give much idea about for instance, when natural resources are send into toxin oozing pointories in third realness countries, the pollution which is go forth by the these factories not only affects the third world country but also the rich occidental country as currents take the pollution back to them.The movie also sheds light on issues much(prenominal) toxins being used in companies and later when the product for which it was used is all set to be attached the toxins inside it become super toxins like dioxin which are very harmful for everything. It has been a known fact that the resources of this world are being used in large quantities, but the movie explains the part that not only it is being used in huge bilks but also the rate in which a product is being injected in the market and later disposed is awe striking. The movie does a untamed job in reminding us that in the midst of all the luxury and infinite products to choose from we are self immol ating ourselves as apart from the natural resources and the environment, we are polluting the word mankind itself. The concept of how a brazen product is actually made and has a low rate not only makes one telephone but also one starts feeling guilt as people from all around the world have to pay away with their lives their environment for a product to be cheaper than cheap. The movie leaves its viewer with a heart sunk feeling and just makes the viewer open his eyes to places he had closed for his own benefits.The ugly nexus of corporations and government is shown in such a way that makes one theorise, that can government for its own profits make corporations bigger while completing ignoring the hazard that is going to be caused by it. The story of stuff, is a remarkable film which in a very simplistic shape explains the destruction happening and warns of a bigger destruction waiting at the corner. The movie inspires and makes its viewers think about investing in green chemist ry and sustainability along with zero waste theory that would athletic supporter people to live a life where they are more than just obnoxious consumers for greedy companies. The undermentioned stanza explains the need for a change to save the planetOne of the keys to mainstreamingenvironmental sustainability is by making it lento for people to do the right thing, rather than requiring an extra effort to chose the environmentally preferable option (Annie Leonard). produce Cited1) Annie Leonard, The Ugly Side of the Beauty Industry. http//www.storyofstuff.com/blog/

Sensation and Perception Essay Example for Free

Sensation and Perception EssayMental development is a continuous appendage starting even from the infancy stage. But during certain stages certain activities are more prevalent. During the first few months there will be rapid development of stunning function. The childs response to a stimulus is influenced not by the sensory stimulus, but by the effects of past get word also. The sensory stimulus separated from past experience is called sensation. The stimulus interpreted and loaded with meanings and ideas are called wisdom.I get asked my wife and two young kids aging 11 years and 6 years in my family. When we were posing in our wide hall room after the dinner, I t sexagenarian them that I am going to wear a memory test for them. I called them one by one and asked each of them to observe the chocolate-brown objects in the hall room for one minute. Then I asked them to close their eyes and split up me the label of each of them. My wife has correctly told me about 12 obje cts out of the 14 in my hall room. My aged daughter recollected 10 and the younger one 7.Based on the above facts we can conclude that the perception of elder ones better than the younger ones. This is quite natural since the elder ones always have more experience and more developed intellectual levels than the younger ones. When a sense organ comes in contact with a stimulus, the nerve endings connected with the sense organ become stimulated and this produces a nerve energy which is passed on to the central nervous system and is carried to the area sensory area of brain. The stimulus is interpreted and loaded with meanings and ideas. straightaway it can be called as perception. Though this is a simple try, it involves lot of complicated activities of our senses and the brain. The outcome of this experiment is little bit surprising for me. Even the 37 year old my wife could not tell me the complete list of brown objects, but at the same time the 6 year old kid identified 7 objects out of the 14. My 11 year kid has identified 1o which is just 2 less than her mother. This is because of the fact that the intellectual levels or the sensations and perceptions of individuals are different.

Political Stupidity Essay Example for Free

Political Stupidity EssayIn E . J. Dionnes essay, Political Stupidity, U. S. Style he wants to address the political stupidity that the government is making. To start his argument, he raises an emotional question, Can a demesne remain a superpower if its internal politics argon incorrigibly stupid? The author is saying are we letting politics, irrational ideas on fiscal form _or_ system of government and an antiquated political structure undermine our power. He divides political stupidity into three parts stupid tax revenue policies, irrational ideas on fiscal policy and antiquated political structure. In his essay, Political Stupidity, U.S Style, Dionne employs ethos, connotation and an emotional appeal. In paragraph sixteen, Dionne uses ethos. He writes, Im a chronic optimist astir(predicate) America. E. J. Dionne is confident about the future to get better provided we need well intentioned republicans who care about the nation interest to realize several(prenominal)t hing has gone fundamentally equipment casualty with their party and work to help arrive it back. To get rid of political stupidity, he wants to form a senate, a new conservatism that is worthy of our name, liberals willing to speak out on the threat our mild politics poses to our influence in the world, and moderates.However the readers might have complete trust of the government of the linked States and so they might not like someone questioning their credibility. In paragraph number seventeen, Dionne uses connotation saying We need moderates who do much than stick their leafs in the wind to calculate the halfway institutionalise between two political poles. Dionne is hoping to make people aware of the political stupidity and the need to bring change in the system of politics.Sticking their fingers in the wind, means a person putting his finger in the wind is unlikely to come up with original solutions, and decisions are made without backing evidence. It says that the polit icians are making blind decisions without even considering about its consequences. It also makes them look like fools running the country. However, if some people think that the politicians were fools, the join States would not have been a super power. In paragraph seven, Dionne uses a strict emotional appeal as a mean to persuade his audience.He writes, The simple loyalty is that the wealthy in the United States- the people who have made almost all the income gains in late years- are under taxed compared with everyone else. Consider two reports from the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. One, issued last month, highlighted findings from the congressional Budget Office showing that, The gaps in after-tax income between the richest 1 percent of Americans and the middle and poorest fifths of the country more than tripled between 1979 and 2007. The other, from February, used Internal Revenue Service data to show that the effective federal income tax rate for the 400 taxpayers with the very highest incomes declined by nearly half in just over a decade, even as their pre-tax incomes have grown five times larger. He writes this, hoping that by using the reports from the congressional Budget Office, he would be able to prove his point that the United States is politically stupid. It seems as if he is trying to bring awareness among the people of the United States about the decisions made by politicians.Although he has demonstrate his evidence very convincingly and it seems that he would get his readers attention and they would listen to his concerns but some of his readers think that he is being blunt and through his essay he is making direct acquisitions on the politicians of the United States. The United States is falling behind and the public seems not to notice. In paragraph number fourteen, Dionne talks about the structure of our government. He talks about how the ratio between the largest and smallest state was 13 to 1. Now its 68 to 1.He writes, bec ause of the abuse of the filibuster, 41 senators representing less than 11 percent of the national population can, in principle, block action supported by 59 senators representing more than 89 percent of our population. And you wonder wherefore its hard to get anything done in Washington? Dionne gives convincing evidence to support his song which is the politics of the United States is stupid. He uses ethos and shows his concerns by saying he is a chronic optimist about America. He also uses reports to prove his point and persuade the audience. However he seems blunt and tells it like it is without any fear.

Pressure Groups Essay Example for Free

cart Groups set aboutPressure groups play an important parting in indian politics Pressure groups provide the amour between the plenty and the government. A pressure group is an organised body of individuals who share some goals and who seek to influence public policy. Pressure groups are a vital part of a healthy democracy. then the sustained and rapid expansion of pressure group activity and involvement in the semi policy-making unconscious process is often heralded as a sign of growing political involvement among many thousands of people. Pressure groups Promote discussion and debate and mobilise public opinion on key issues ,they perform a role in educating citizens about specific issues , they asshole enhance democratic participation, pluralism and diversity, they raise and articulate issues that political parties perhaps wont touch because of their sensitivity e. g. The 2011 Indian anti-corruption movement were a series of demonstrations and protests across India which intend to establish strong legislation and enforcement against endemic political corruption. ake the example of the recent gang rape case. The people of delhi, and then the entire country joined to form a pressure group and forced the govt. to instal fast track courts so that the culprits could be punished as soon as possible. There is earnest pressure on the government to make harsher laws for rape . pressure groups provide an important access organise for those seeking redress of grievance They represent minorities who cannot represent themselvesGroups can be an important and valuable character of specialist information for an overloaded legislature and civil service Many groups play an important role in implementing changes to public policy Pressure groups encourage a decentralisation of power within the political system. They act as a check and balance to the power of executive government.Several laws have been do , several ministers and beaureacrats who were corrupt, were asked to go because of the pressure groups. Several states have been made because of pressure groups. Prices of public utilities like electrical energy , water have been reduced because of pressure groups. Farmers have got the right price for their commodities because of pressure groups. So we can see that pressure groups are a must for democracy, and they strengthen democracy and not weaken it.

A Game of Cat and Maus Essay Example for Free

A Game of Cat and Maus EssayMaus and Maus II are both very powerful and moving vivid originals. Both of which discuss peerless of the worst tragedies known to mankind. Spielgelman functiond the bright novel form because it came innate to him, however he probably also used it as a way to get a larger audience and to make the subject matter a little less intimidating. However, Spielgelmans use of animals to represent the different races helps the reader better construe the situation in a somewhat socialize and a somewhat easier way. Maus even encapsulates the adage, a picture is worth a thousand words to a tee. The title of the book Maus comes from the German word mauscheln. Mauscheln when translated to English means to talk Yiddish or to cheat, in name of playing cards. The Germans laid the blame for Germanys economic distress on the Jewish great deal. During this time frame, either the propaganda posters were portraying the Jewish community as mice. Maus, was a more th an appropriate title considering how the Jewish were viewed and set during this point.There are approximately eight different animals used to represent the different cultures represented in the novels. The three main animals used are mice, which represent the Jewish people cats, which represent the German people and pigs, representing the assail people. It regainms obvious as to why the Germans and Jews were represented as they were. Germans believed they were superior to everyone else, and in the animal tycoondom, the king is a lion, which is considered an overgrown cat.With the Germans are represented as cats, it would be more than obvious to portray the Jewish as an animal that would be the victim of a cat, a mouse. The Jewish eventually ended up having to live like mice whilst they were in hiding. The artistic portrayal allows the reader to visualize it in an easier manner than if it had been a point blank worded novel. The other main animal the reader sees representing a gr oup of people is pigs. The Polish are represented as pigs due to the fact that, stereotypically, the Poles are considered greedy and brutal.But if one looks at it from a different perspective, they could say that the reason the Polish are represented as pigs is because of the kielbasa, the Polish delicacy. The unless time that the reader actually sees any differences between the ethnicity of a character and their religion is in one occasion in Maus. The child of a German and a Jewish person is represented as a mouse with the cat stripes. Other than that one occasion, anytime you see an animal, it is obvious as to whether it is a Pole, a German, a Jew or an Ameri shtup.Aside from the Jewish representation, the other countries being represented, the animal is done as a national identity. The photographs in Maus offer the reader an agnizeing that word just would not be fitted to get across in the same way. For example, on page 31 of Maus, we can tell that Anja is put out by the wa y the panel is angled. If this had been a worded novel, the reader would not fully be able to understand the emotions handout through the mind of Anja, or even in a way, Vladek. Another example that demonstrates this is in the mini comic- Prisoner of Planet Hell. On page 103, after Artie was discharged from the psychiatric hospital, the reader can see how Artie is feeling suffocated by his mother. Anja is overshadowing Artie, who is curled up in the fetal position- almost as if it is re-creating the image of being in Anjas womb. The most prominent example, one that communicates the fear of being a Jew in hiding during this period is when Anja and Valdek are traveling to a new safe house. The road they are go on is depicted as a swastika. This is a perfect depiction for how dangerous it really was for a Jew to be wandering around in the open.Even later on, when they are in hiding and cannot obtain food regularly, they eat like mice and live like mice. With the novels being depict ed with animals, it allows the reader to understand the lookout of a German Nazi. Yes, people learn about World War II in muniment but they do not actually seem to care. They take the class and do the minimum it takes to pass. quite a little who were born farther outside from the aftermath period of WWII do not seem to really understand the emotional damage from the Holocaust events. Valdek even says that nobody can understand. The Holocaust is extremely hard to sweep up unless one had been there. Anyone could read Diary of Anne Frank or Night, but what do they really take away from it? The Germans held hatred toward anyone they deemed inhuman. Let it have been the Jews, the Poles or the Slavs the Germans depicted them in the propaganda posters that would turn others against them. In the end, using animals and the graphic novel to depict the events was probably one of the smartest things to do. It gives a first hand, one sided account that allows the reader to see the righteou sness.Truth that has not been tainted by the media, truth shows real pain from a survivor. Maus really encapsulates the truth of the Holocaust. It shows how brutal humanity can be. It also demonstrates how weak minded some people can be, going against what they may think is morally wrong in order to keep themselves and their families safe. When someone writes a novel in graphic form, it makes the subject more approachable. However, when an author uses animals as the characters it brings a whole new proportionality to a book. It allows to reader to view the subject manner in a whole new way.

Ted Huges Hawk Roosting Essay Example for Free

Ted Huges Hawk Roosting EssayHughes uses animals in enounce to explore the personality of man. Discuss with reference to a poem from the anthology.Throughout the poems of Ted Hughes the content of animals comes about. No more so in the poem hawk roosting. This poem explores the key aspects of human constitution, both positive and negative.The theme is arrogance and the nasty side of nature. This is unlike his other poems such as work and play, which seems to press out nature is better than human life. For model in the line but the holiday people are set out like wounded of work and play. Hawk roosting has a negative perspective on nature because it uses such words as death and kills and eat. The poem is from the hawks perspective which allows the reader to empathises and relate to the hawk, for example it says I sit top of the wood. The use of the 1st person gives the reader the impression that the hawk may be arrogant, and in many ways possess the same qualities as a potentate e.g.Earths face upward for my inspection The use of the word my means he thinks he is above the world, in both ways. The hawk seems omnipotent and it dooms arrogance. The hawk was a sign of Nazi Germany and with Ted Hughes innate(p) during world war 2, may be the reason he wants the hawk to be a point in time of arrogance and have the same traits as a dictator. The idea that if the reader were to replace the hawk, with a person, it would conciliate little difference to the theme of the poem This shows that Ted is trying to say as in so many of his poems harvest moon work and play That both man and natures are closely inter-wound, and that animals and man homogeneous can show the same mental and physical traits.The language used in the poem seems to show a lot of arrogance from bird to the rest of nature. It is set in the 1st person to show that the bird seems to be the only important thing in the woods, and everything else, including the world is benith him for example the line

The Sustainability of Professionalism in Print Journalism in the 21st Century Essay Example for Free

The Sustainability of Professionalism in move Journalism in the 21st cytosine EssayIntroductionProfessionalism in print tidings media is organism re delineate by the tremendous connectivity and widespread use of the Internet in the 21st Century. This state of existence is unmatched to the journalism industry in that is considered to be recidivism from the tradingal to the amateur. The case of UK print journalism is considered to describe how this has return to be.Professionalism in general is demulctd as the organization of an industry or profession into a viscid group with open hold upards of practice, a order of conduct or ethics and a well-defined complex body part recognized by the general population and regulated by the political relation in which members practice. Professional diarists in particular be required to withdraw qualified from a recognized institution for diarists, licensed by the professional regulation commission and accredited by a recogniz ed association of diary keepers.However, professionalism in journalism as defined in sociological debate fails to take into account the history that light-emitting diode to the tuition of the professions. Professions in the UK shoot developed in an upward fashion, a series of actions that occur with out pre-emption and securing professional status as a result. The organization and administration of UK professional services is peculiar to that country, in bank line with the downward orientation of the German professions. (Neal and Morgan, 2000)In this essay, a brief history of British print journalism will be described and recent developments will be taken into account to illustrate how technological innovations befuddle affected journalism and the concept of professionalism. For the purpose of this paper, the term journalism refers specific on the wholey to print journalism and journalist or journalists refer to person or group of people in print journalism. tale of British jou rnalismIn the UK, journalism had developed in an upward orientation. The original spread of news was affected by ordinary citizens in the pursuit of their regular occupations, perhaps as merchants or gross r stillue clerks. Some news found itself in print in the weekly news books that served as newsprints during this age but circulation was limited. The onset of the industrial revolution in the mid 19th Century resulted in print and distribution capabilities that made journalism big business. The rotary printing complot, cheap paper and mass literacy led to the rise of mass media. (Wallace, 2006)But as early as the 17th Century, newspapers were already universe produce in Europe, but the right to print in England was strictly regulated. It took a foreigner from Amsterdam, Joris Veseler to produce the beginning(a) English-language newspaper in 1620. By 1665, the news book style papers ceased printing with the humansation of the Oxford egress as the first official journal of record and the Crown newspaper, eventually renamed the London Gazette. By the clip of the abolition of the Star Chamber, printing restrictions were lifted, especially at the advent of the Civil War, when news became a treasured commodity.Duties paid for paper products and stamps were progressively reduced from the 1830s which encouraged the mass dissemination of newspapers in the country. There were 52 London newspapers in the first quarter of the 19th century, including the two most influential for that period, The day-after-day University Register, by and by to become The Times, and The Manchester Guardian, later to be renamed The Guardian. By 1855, newspapers with more mass appeal made its appearance as The Daily Telegraph and Courier, shortening its name to The Daily Telegraph.The first instance of yellow journalism, defined as the sensationalism or tabloidism that pro flavorrated with the rise of partisan newspapers occurred mingled with 1860 and 1910, also the period of the rise of socialist and excavate newspapers. The term yellow journalism arose from the circulation battle between Joseph Pulitzers The World and William Randolph Hearsts Journal both(prenominal) in the city of New York. The Daily Herald, the first labour union newspaper, saw the light of twenty-four hour period in 1912.The 20th Century and World War I was the scene of the first big newspaper moguls headed by the Harmsworth Brothers and the Berry Brothers and later Max Aitken. The first tabloid newspapers emerged after World War II, henpecked in 1963 by Cecil Harmsworth King of the International Publishing House, publishing more than 200 newspapers and magazines, including the record-breaking Daily Mirror.By the 20th century, Fleet Street had become the centre for the British national press, at one and only(a) time housing over a dozen major daily newspapers with diverse political stances. These include the liberal The Guardian, conservative The Daily Telegraph and Labour part y advocate Daily Mirror. However, in the 1980s, the commonplaceations started go away, the last hold-out being British news office Reuters, who moved out in 2005.Professional journalismAs earlier mentioned, technological innovations enabled the mass production and distribution of news, which became a lucrative chthoniantaking. This mass circulation gave journalist a wide audience they could influence because most people believe what they read in the papers. At first, the press took on the role as a social conscience, providing the masses with aim close what the government and big businesses are doing. But as the resistance to press freedom intensified, the journalistic claim that the public has the right to know gave rise to abuse of press freedom by irresponsible journalists, seeking to elevate circulation by publishing sensationalist articles.In response, reliable journalists joined forces to impose rigorous standards for investigation and response foring, develop an et hical framework establish on impartiality, accuracy, transparency and objectivity. (New media journalism how professional insureers are being influenced by the internet, 2006) Some critics of this structure maintain that objectivity in journalism is a paradox.What is reported is based on the fountive selection of the journalist of what is in important information, a view that may dissent from one journalist to the other. (Media Lens, 2005) However, The National Union of Journalists even claims that recent attempts by the Press Complaints Commission to break the Code of Practice for journalism fall short of the ethical standards established by the NUJ and followed by all its members. (NUJ Code of mastermind is still stricter than PCC guidelines, 2007) The following tables encompass the statutes as embodied in the PCC and NUJ.Table I CODE OF PRACTICE (Ratified by the Press Complaints Commission 26th November 1997)Source http//www.uta.fi/ethicnet/uk2.htmlAll members of the press cause a duty to maintain the highest professional and ethical standards. This code sets the benchmarks for those standards. It both protects the rights of the individual and upholds the publics right to know.The code is the cornerstone of the scheme of self-regulation to which the industry has made a binding commitment. Editors and publishers essentialiness run into that the code is observed rigorously non only by their staff but also by anyone who contributes to their publications.It is essential to the whole kit and boodle of an agreed code that it be honoured not only to the letter but in the full spirit. The code should not be interpreted so narrowly as to compromise its commitment to respect the rights of the individual, nor so broadly that it prevents publication in the public enliven.It is the responsibility of editors to co-operate with the PCC as swiftly as possible in the resolution of complaints.Any publication which is criticised by the PCC. under one of the fol lowing clauses must print the adjudication which follows in full and with collectible prominenceThe public interestThere may be exceptions to the clauses marked * where they behind be demonstrated to be in the public interest.1. The public interest includesi) Detecting or exposing hatred or a serious misdemeanour.ii) Protecting public health and safety.iii) Preventing the public from being misled by numerous statement or action of an individual or organisation.2. In any case where the public interest is invoked, the Press Complaints Commission will require a full explanation by the editor demonstrating how the public interest was served.3. In cases involving children, editors must demonstrate an exceptional public interest to over-ride the normally paramount interests of the child.1. the truei) Newspapers and periodicals should take care not to publish inaccurate, misleading or distorted corporeal including pictures.ii) Whenever it is recognised that a signifi hatfult inaccur acy, misleading statement or distorted report has been published, it should be corrected promptly and with due prominence.iii) An apology must be published whenever appropriate.iv) Newspapers, whilst free to be partisan, must distinguish clearly between discover, conjecture and factv) A newspaper or periodical must report fairly and accurately the outcome of an action for defamation to which it has been a party.2. Opportunity to solutionA fair opportunity for reply to inaccuracies must be given to individuals or organisations when reasonably called for.3. Privacy*i) Everyone is en backupd to respect for his or her ad hominem and family life, home, health and correspondence. A publication will be expected to on the buttonify intrusions into any individuals close life without try forii) The use of long lens photography to take pictures of people in private places without their consent is unacceptable.Note Private places are public or private property where there is a honest e xpectation of privacy.4. Harassment*i) Journalists and photographers must neither obtain nor seek to obtain information or pictures by dint of intimidation, harassment or persistent pursuitii) They must not photograph individuals in private places (as defined by the note to clause 3) without their consent must not persist in telephoning, questioning, pursuing or photographing individuals after having been asked to desist must not remain on their property after having been asked to leave and must not follow them.iii) Editors must ensure that those working for them comply with these essentials and must not publish material from other sources which does not meet these requirements.5. Intrusion into ruefulness or shockIn cases involving personal grief or shock, enquiries should be carried out and approaches made with sympathy and discretion. Publication must be handled sensitively at very much(prenominal) times but this should not be interpreted as restricting the right to report judicial proceedings.6.Children*i) Young people should be free to complete their time at school without supererogatory intrusion.ii) Journalists must not interview or photograph a child under the age of 16 on subjects involving the welfare of the child or any other child in the absence of or without the consent of a parent or other adult who is responsible for the children.iii) Pupils must not be approached or photographed while at school without the licence of the school authorities.iv) There must be no pay to minors for material involving the welfare of children nor payments to parents or guardians for material about their children or wards unless it is demonstrably in the childs interest.v) Where material about the private life of a child is published, there must be apology for publication other than the fame, notoriety or position of his or her parents or guardian.7. Children in sex cases1. The press must not, even where the law does not prohibit it, identify children under t he age of 16 who are involved in cases concerning informal offences, whether as victims or as witnesses.2. In any press report of a case involving a versed offence against a child i) The child must not be identified.ii) The adult may be identified.iii) The word incest must not be used where a child victim might be identified.iv) Care must be taken that nothing in the report implies the relationship between the accused and the child.8. Listening Devices*Journalists must not obtain or publish material obtained by using clandestine listening devices or by intercepting private telephone conversations.9. Hospitals*i) Journalists or photographers making enquiries at hospitals or similar institutions should identify themselves to a responsible executive and obtain permission before entering non-public areas.ii) The restrictions on intruding into privacy are particularly relevant to enquiries about individuals in hospitals or similar institutions.10. Innocent relatives and friends*The pre ss must avoid identifying relatives or friends of persons convicted or accused of offense without their consent.11. Misrepresentation*i) Journalists must not generally obtain or seek to obtain information or pictures through misrepresentation or subterfuge.ii) Documents or photographs should be removed only with the consent of the owner.iii) Subterfuge can be justified only in the public interest and only when material cannot be obtained by any other means.12. Victims of sexual flesh outThe press must not identify victims of sexual assault or publish material likely to contribute to such identification unless there is adequate excuse and, by law, they are free to do so.13. Discriminationi) The press must avoid prejudicial or pejorative reference to a persons race, colour, religion, sex or sexual orientation or to any sensible or mental illness or disability.ii) It must avoid publishing details of a persons race, colour, religion, sexual orientation, physical or mental illness or disability unless these are directly relevant to the story.14. financial journalismi) crimson where the law does not prohibit it, journalists must not use for their own derive financial information they receive in advance of its general publication, nor should they pass such information to others.ii) They must not write about shares or securities in whose performance they know that they or their close families ache a significant financial interest without disclosing the interest to the editor or financial editor.iii) They must not buy or sell, either directly or through nominees or agents, shares or securities about which they have written recently or about which they intend to write in the near future.15. Confidential sourcesJournalists have a moral obligation to protect confidential sources of information.16. hire for articles*i) Payment or offers of payment for stories or information must not be made directly or through agents to witnesses or latent witnesses in current cr iminal proceedings except where the material concerned ought to be published in the public interest and there is an overriding need to make or promise to make a payment for this to be done. Journalists must take every possible mistreat to ensure that no financial dealings have influence on the evidence that those witnesses may give.(An editor authorising such a payment must be prepared to demonstrate that there is a legitimate public interest at stake involving matters that the public has a right to know. The payment or, where accepted, the offer of payment to any witness who is rattling cited to give evidence should be disclosed to the prosecution and the defence and the witness should be advised of this). ii) ii) Payment or offers of payment for stories, pictures or information, must not be made directly or through agents to convicted or confessed criminals or to their associates who may include family, friends and colleagues except where the material concerned ought to be pub lished in the public interest and payment is indispensable for this to be done.Table II CODE OF CONDUCT espouse on 29 June 1994 by British National Union of Journalists (NUJ).Source http//www.uta.fi/ethicnet/uk.htmlA journalist has a duty to maintain the highest professional and ethical standards.A journalist shall at all times accommodate the principle of the freedom of the press and other media in relation to the collection of information and the expression of comment and criticism. He/she shall strive to eliminate distortion, news suppression and censorship.A journalist shall strive to ensure that the information he/ she disseminates is fair and accurate, avoid the expression of comment and conjecture as established fact and deceit by distortion, selection or misrepresentation.A journalist shall rectify promptly any harmful inaccuracies, ensure that correction and apologies receive due prominence and afford the right of reply to persons criticised when the issue is of sufficie nt importance.A journalist shall obtain information, photographs and illustrations only by straight- forward means. The use of other means can be justified only by over-riding considerations of the public interest. The journalist is entitled to exercise a personal painstaking objection to the use of such means.Subject to the justification by over-riding considerations of the public interest, a journalist shall do nothing which entails intrusion into private grief and distress.A journalist shall protect confidential sources of information.A journalist shall not accept bribes nor shall he/ she allow other inducements to influence the performance of his/ her professional duties.A journalist shall not lend himself/ herself to the distortion or suppression of the truth because of advertising or other considerations.A journalist shall only mention a persons age, race, colour, creed, illegitimacy, disability, marital status (or lack of it), gender or sexual orientation if this information is strictly relevant. A journalist shall neither originate nor process material which encourages discrimination, ridicule, prepossession or hatred on any of the above-mentioned grounds.A journalist shall not take private advantage of information gained in the course of his/ her duties, before the information is public knowledge.A journalist shall not by way of statement, voice or appearance endorse by advertisement any mercenary product or service save for the promotion of his/ her own work or of the medium by which he/ she is employed.As the journalistic profession became more organized and membership into accredited bodies became a requirement for credibility, the influential and powerful only needed to convince a few people in get a line positions to favour only information gathered from legitimate or official sources. Mainly this was comprised of information doled out by government officials and influential, private individuals. Officialdom began to set the tone for the profe ssional press, and any disagreement to such an docket began to be considered biased journalism. Statement of opinions was considered unprofessional, unless they happened to concur or reinforce official sources. (Media Lens, 2005)It gradually became necessary to attend journalism school in order to practice as a journalist, another step in the professionalism project. Some decry this as an attempt to mould prospective journalists into the prescribed direction of what is considered legitimate reporting. Some claim that the professionalism taught in journalism schools are highly influenced by big corporate publishers, media monopolies, under the guise of objective and labyrinthine sensed reporting. The training involves presumptions of the proper sources for legitimate news, the so-called official sources. These include fully grown public and government figures. (Media Lens, 2005)War and slumberCensorship of news is accomplished through a system referred to as the buzz saw. Anyone covering sensitive stories that deal with powerful people may be subject to this, and usually has an adverse effect on journalistic careers. (Media Lens, 2005) This is especially true when reporting on war. British journalist and war correspondent mused, When you stand at the site of a massacre, two things happen. First, you wonder about the depths of the human spirit. And then you ask yourself how many lies can be told about it.Journalists have accepted that in times of war, the rules of journalism follows certain rules, chief among is to sustain the illusion that government decisions and actions are always just and right, and that the other side is always doing atrocities and lies. This is a form of patriotism that takes precedence over the clear-headed reporting of facts as they occur. It is the unspoken rule that journalists take sides, and always on the side of the government. This has been the case ever since the first civilian British war correspondent was send to Crimea in 1 854.British television and radio announcer John Humphrys stated it in a nutshell, In times of peace it is our job to question politicians vigorously, with the hope that they will answer the questions in the listeners heads. So long as we do not stray into operational areas and jeopardize our servicemen and servicewomen, I cannot for the life of me see why it should be different in times of war. (Pesic, 1999)Yet, while in peace time patriotism is not an overt requirement, is it not true that journalists still prefer the status quo? That is, sustaining the balance of power by taking a favourable view of the establishment? It is easy, even encouraged, to report on the good things the powerful and influential are doing.There is no fierce scrambling to verify sources once, twice even thrice, as is in the case of any adverse reporting that may be done against the established order. This appears to be an echoing of the we and they perspective. Unfortunately, the we and they in peacetime i nvolve people of one national identity. This is hardly a defensible position. And this phenomenon is not peculiar to the British press. In fact, it seems to be the rule for legitimate press all over the world.Amateur journalismThe advent of electronic media has challenged this state of journalistic affairs to a significant degree. As a reaction to rising costs associated with printing on paper, the idea to post online unpublished (because of topographic point constraints) articles on a single webpage occurred to journalist and photographer Patrick Trollope in 1998. Interest in the website swiftly grew, boost the eventual establishment of the UKs first online-only regional newspaper Southport Reporter. It is a recognized member of the NUJ and subscribes to the rules and regulations established by the organization.However, it is not the professional websites that has been changing the face of journalism in the world, and perhaps particularly in UK. It is the amateur sites such as w eb logs, forums, vlogs, even wikis that are defying the check up on and codes imposed by professionalism advocates.The paradox with this amateur journalism, from the point of view of professional journalists, is their blithe unconcern for established order. There are no qualifications to join a forum or to respond to a topic on a weblog. slew need not be a journalism graduate to share their knowledge about the take up way to get coffee stains out of linen, or to discuss the state of cafeteria food at their childrens school.Perhaps if these sites limited themselves to such inocuous topics then professional journalists would not be so down on amateur journalists. While it is true they are unqualified based on established norms, non-membership in the NUJ or any other association does not prevent a housewife in London to have an opinion, perhaps even knowledge, about the war in Serbia.Professional journalists appear to forget that the first reporters in the UK had similar characteri stics to todays weblogger. They were average citizens with ordinary occupations such as postmasters or travelling salesmen with around news to impart, unverifiable for the most part, yet news nonetheless. At that time, print journalism was the new media, much like what online journalism is today.The most fundamental difference between these two stages of the 17th and 21st Century in journalism is that the latter shared news on the weather, trading, political situation in the border counties and perhaps news from the war, much like what legitimate news is today. The former is more opinion driven, personal views of the world around them and the circumstances that conspire to induce password. There are no claims to legitimacy or verifiability from official sources. The new media of electronic reporting is the expression the masses in reaction to the official stand of the privileged few. In a way, it is the new socialism of journalism.DiscussionTwentieth century journalist throng Cam eron, considered by many to be the greatest British journalist of modern times, refers to journalism as a craft rather than a profession, meaning he considered it an occupation which takes years of apprenticeship to hone to a skill. In history, UK journalism has followed a path to professionalism as an inevitable conclusion to pressures of political influence, market forces and the bottom line.Even yellow journalism has found a place in the ranks, albeit at the lower levels of the hierarchy. While it would be irresponsible to categorize this as propaganda, the rigid control and censorship of British journalism that has arisen from the development of the profession has made it less responsive to mass opinion and more inclined to follow the dictates of an official agenda. In the UK, especially, where the passion for following rules of conduct permeates the whole society, professional journalists have had to toe a very fine line indeed.Yet the desire to expose the truth in all its form s has persisted in the manner in which journalists pursue the gathering of information, While this may have no forum in legitimate publications, many have found a voice in the new media of electronic publishing. No rigid rules control the expression of opinion, and while some denounce this as unqualified, even unaccountable, this is no detriment to these thousand, even millions of amateurs. Professionalism in journalism is the pursuit of regulation that attempts to establish legitimacy and credibility in their endeavors. Dissenters and critics of officialdom decry to imposition of censorship and control. This is not necessarily an unfortunate state of affairs, because it provides the public with a basis for opinion, debate and discussion and encourages a healthy watchdog system. Professionalism in journalism will evolve eventually to provide for this ontogenesis population of mass-driven media and perhaps this will serve to shift the focus in journalism more from agenda to truth.R eferencesDico, J. Elliott, F. (2006) Journalists have no morality, PMs wife tells students. Independent News and Media Limited. Retrieved May 16, 2007 from http//news.independent.co.uk/uk/politics/article2016131.eceDohnanyi, J. Mller, C. (2003) The impact of media concentration on professional journalism. Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. Retrieved May 17, 2007 from http//www.osce.org/publications/rfm/2003/12/12244_102_en.pdfEvetts, J. (2000) Professions in European and UK Markets the European Professional Federations. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy Vol. 20 No. 11/12History of British newspapers. (2007, May 10). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 1500, May 18, 2007, from http//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_British_newspapersoldid=129834454Media Lens (2005) Thought control and professional journalism. Dissident Voice. Retrieved May 17, 2007 from http//www.dissidentvoice.org/Nov05/MediaLens1103.htmNeal, M. Morgan , J. (2000) The Professionalisation of Everyone? A comparative study of the development of the professions in the United Kingdom and Germany. European Sociological Review Vol. 16 No.1 pp9-26NUJ Code of Conduct is still stricter than PCC guidelines. (2007) National Union of Journalists. Retrieved May 17, 2007 from http//www.nuj.org.uk/Pesic, M. (1999) Patriotism versus professionalism. Media Diversity Institute. Retrieved May 17, 2007 from http//www.media-diversity.org/articles_publications/patriotism%20versus%20professionalism.htmUK ruling seen protect investigative journalism. (2006) Reuters. Retrieved May 17, 2007 from http//today.reuters.com/news/articlebusiness.aspx?type=telecommstoryid=nL11772231WTmodLoc=BizArt-R3-Insights-1from=businessWallace, M. (2006) New media journalism how professional reporters are being influenced by the internet. Robin Good. Retrieved May 17, 2007 from http//www.masternewmedia.org/news/2006/11/10/new_media_journalism_how_professional.htm